In mountainous areas, two-way radio equipment often faces the problem of signal attenuation, which poses a major challenge to the reliability and effectiveness of communications.
First, the main reason for signal attenuation in mountainous areas is terrain obstruction. Mountains will form a physical barrier to radio waves, resulting in obstruction of the signal propagation path. When the signal encounters a peak, part of the energy is absorbed, reflected or scattered by the mountain, which greatly reduces the signal strength. For example, when communicating between valleys, the signal needs to pass through the peaks, which often suffers serious losses during the propagation process, making it difficult to ensure stable communication quality.
Secondly, the diffraction phenomenon of the signal can also cause attenuation. When radio waves propagate around the edge of the mountain, diffraction will occur, causing the signal energy to disperse, and the signal received at the receiving end becomes weak and unstable. This diffraction effect is relatively more obvious in low-frequency signals, because low-frequency signals have longer wavelengths and are easier to bypass obstacles, but they are also accompanied by greater energy loss.
There are many solutions to the problem of signal attenuation in mountainous areas. Among them, optimizing the antenna system is one of the key measures. Selecting a high-gain antenna can enhance the ability to transmit and receive signals. High-gain antennas can focus signals in a specific direction and improve signal transmission efficiency. For example, directional antennas can focus signals in the direction of the communication target and reduce the scattering of signals in other useless directions, thereby overcoming the attenuation caused by terrain obstruction to a certain extent.
Setting up a relay station is also an effective method. Establish a relay station at a suitable location in the mountainous area to receive weak signals from one end, amplify and forward them. The relay station can be built in a relatively open location such as a mountain top with good signal propagation conditions, thereby extending the transmission range of the signal and filling the communication blind spots caused by the terrain. For example, setting up a relay station between two distant peaks can achieve stable communication at both ends.
Using a higher frequency signal band can also improve the situation. Although high-frequency signals attenuate faster when encountering obstacles, in mountainous areas, due to their short wavelengths, the diffraction phenomenon is relatively weak, which can reduce the energy dispersion caused by diffraction. At the same time, combined with advanced signal processing technologies, such as adaptive equalization technology, the attenuated signal can be compensated and repaired to improve the signal's recognizability and stability.
In addition, it is also crucial to plan the layout of the communication network reasonably. According to the topography and communication needs of the mountainous area, the optimal location of the base station and equipment is determined to avoid the signal being blocked by too many mountains. For example, equipment is laid out along relatively open lines such as valleys or ridges to optimize the signal propagation path.
In practical applications, it is often necessary to combine the above-mentioned solutions and flexibly configure them according to the specific mountainous environment and communication requirements to effectively deal with the signal attenuation problem of two-way radio equipment in mountainous areas and ensure smooth and reliable communication.
